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Materials Glossary… Shou Sugi Ban, Finishes, Foams

A clean, plain‑English glossary for the materials we use in our studio builds. Skim it while you plan, or keep it open on your phone at the hardware store. Each entry includes what it is, when to use it, and a short note.

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A clean, plain‑English glossary for the materials we use in our studio builds. Skim it while you plan, or keep it open on your phone at the hardware store. Each entry includes what it is, when to use it, and a short note.


Key Takeaways

  • Pick your substrate first… acrylic, PVC foam board, birch ply, or aluminum composite. Then choose a finish and a safe mounting method.
  • Use water based primers, paints, and clear coats when possible for low odor indoor projects.
  • For foam shaping, pair EVA or XPS with contact cement or hot glue and finish with a hardcoat or flexible paint.
  • Outdoor or wet areas need rated fixtures, GFCI power, sealed edges, and removable access where wiring lives.

Niko’s Note 🐾 Test finishes on scrap first. Label the back with the exact combo so future you knows what worked.


How to Use This Glossary

  • Scan by letter and tap the term you need.
  • Use When to use for quick decision making.
  • Check Notes for bonding, safety, or finish pairing.

A to Z Materials Table

TermWhat it isWhen to useNotes
Acrylic sheetRigid plastic sheet, clear or frostedClean plates, backlit signs, splash guardsScore and snap thin sheets or cut with fine tooth jigsaw; polish or sand edges for glow
Adhesion promoterWipe or spray that helps paint or vinyl stickSmooth plastics, powder coat, or chrome surfacesLight coat, then paint or vinyl within the recoat window
Aluminum Composite Panel (ACP/Dibond)Thin aluminum skins on a plastic coreSlim, premium looking signs and barsCuts clean, stays flat, accepts vinyl well
Balsa woodVery light, soft woodQuick mockups, small trimSeals quickly; dents easily
Baltic Birch plywoodStable multi ply woodFrames, panels, jigsMinimal voids; takes stain and paint well
Bondo (body filler)Two part polyester fillerFast, hard fills and edge rebuildsSands smooth; use in ventilated area
CA glue (cyanoacrylate)Fast super glueSmall parts, edge tacks before screwsPair with accelerator; brittle under flex
Contact cementBrush on adhesive that bonds when two coated faces meetEVA foam seams, laminatesVentilate; align carefully, no slide time
Dual Lock (3M)Reclosable mushroom fastenerRemovable panels, access doorsStronger than standard hook and loop
E6000Flexible craft adhesiveMixed materials that need flexSlow cure; good for small loads
Edge bandingThin strip that hides plywood edgesClean furniture like edges on exposed plyIron on or contact cement
Enamel paintHard wearing paintSmall metal parts, high touch hardwareLonger cure; glossy unless topcoated matte
Epoxy (2 part)Resin and hardener forming a hard plasticClear embed, high strength bonds, sealing edgesWatch mix ratio and pot life
EVA foamFlexible closed cell foam sheetsProps, dimensional logos, soft cornersCut with sharp knife; heat formable
Filler primerHigh build spray primerHide print lines or small scratchesSands to a smooth base
Foam board (paper faced)Lightweight board with paper skinsMockups, stencilsNot water friendly; cuts with craft knife
French cleatInterlocking angled hangerHeavy panels, lighted signsEasy lift off for service; hit studs where possible
Gaffer tapeCloth tape that peels cleanTemporary wire managementDo not leave on finished wood long term
GessoAcrylic primer for porous surfacesBase under paint on foam or woodSands smooth; white or tinted
GFCIGround Fault Circuit Interrupter outletAny damp or outdoor zoneTest monthly; code varies by region
Hardcoat for foamBrush or spray shell over foamDurable props or signsOptions include polyurethane and specialty coats
Heat gunHot air toolShape EVA foam, shrink wrapsKeep moving to avoid scorching
Hook and loopStandard Velcro style fastenerLight removable panelsEasy to reposition; not structural
Isopropyl alcohol (IPA)Surface prep solventFinal wipe before paint or vinylUse 70 to 91 percent on a lint free cloth
Jigsaw fine tooth bladeAcrylic and metal cutting bladeTight curves in sheet goodsGo slow to avoid melting
Kraft paperMasking and protection rollProtect worktops, mask oversprayTape edges so it does not lift
LED strip (12 or 24 V)Low voltage flexible lightsEdge light, under shelf, accentPair with UL listed driver and diffuser
Masking filmStatic cling or adhesive filmClean paint edges and protectionBurnish edges for crisp lines
MDFMedium density fiberboardFlat, paint ready panelsHeavy; avoid wet zones; pre drill
Mineral spiritsSolvent for oil finishesWipe on oils, cleanupVentilate; dispose rags safely
Oil finish (Tung, Danish, Rubio)Penetrating wood treatmentsNatural look frames and trimsWipe excess; allow full cure
Paint (acrylic latex)Water based wall paintLarge panels, foam with primerLow odor; topcoat matte for camera
Plasti DipFlexible rubberized coatingGrip zones, foam surfacesMultiple light coats
PlywoodLayered wood sheetGeneral construction, framesEdge band for clean look
PolycrylicWater based clear coatClear topcoat indoorsDries clear; low yellowing
Polyurethane (water based)Tough clear coatHigh wear surfacesChoose matte for low glare
Primer (water based)First coat that helps paint stickAny raw wood or PVC foam boardSand lightly between coats
PVC foam board (Sintra style)Lightweight plastic sheetIndoor signs, arrows, vinyl graphicsKnife cut or jigsaw; sands easily
Respirator (P100)Protective mask for dust and fumesCutting, sanding, sprayingStore in bag; change filters regularly
Rubio MonocoatSingle coat oil plus acceleratorFast, matte wood finishExact prep matters; read instructions
Rub n BuffWax metallic finishQuick antique metal lookLight finger application; seal if needed
Sandpaper gritsAbrasive sheetsSurface prep from 80 to 400Work through grits; dust off
Sealant (silicone or hybrid)Flexible joint sealSplash guards and wet areasPaintable hybrids exist; silicone not paintable
ShellacAlcohol based sealerKnot sealing and fast dry primerGreat under light colors; sands fast
Shou Sugi BanCharred wood finish on softwoodsAccents, frames, exterior trimsSeal fully; practice outdoors first
Spar urethaneExterior clear coatWet or UV exposed woodAmber tone; multiple thin coats
Stain (oil or water based)Pigment that colors woodFrames, trimsTest color on the actual species
StandoffMetal spacer hardwareFloat acrylic plates and panelsRequires drilling; looks premium
Superfine steel wool (0000)Abrasive woolKnock sheen down on finishesWipe dust; magnet helps pickup
Transfer tapeLow tack film for vinylMove cut lettering to panelsBurnish firmly; peel back on itself
VHB tape (very high bond)Structural double sided tapePermanent face mounting on clean surfacesGreat on ACP and acrylic; clean well
Vinyl (adhesive)Cut graphics filmLettering, arrows, iconsUse outdoor rated vinyl for durability
Water based contact cementLow odor contact cementFoam seams where fumes are a concernLonger tack time; press firmly
Wet location fixtureLight fixture rated for water exposureBaths, outdoors near splashCheck the rating and follow instructions
Wood fillerReady mixed fillerNail holes and small dingsStainable versions exist
XPS foam (extruded polystyrene)Rigid foam boardCarved signs, dimensional backersMelts under solvent paints; prime first
Yellow glue (PVA wood glue)Standard wood glueWood to wood jointsClamp for full cure; not waterproof without type II or III
Z clip (panel clip)Low profile interlocking hangerFlush mount panelsGreat when cleats would show

Finish Pairings Cheat Sheet

  • Acrylic primer not required for vinyl; scuff and prime for paint; clear edges glow with edge light.
  • PVC foam board light sanding, water based primer, acrylic latex paint; vinyl sticks well.
  • Birch ply sand to 180 grit; stain or oil; clear with polycrylic matte.
  • ACP clean with IPA; apply vinyl; do not over torque screws.
  • EVA foam contact cement seams; gesso or flexible primer; acrylic paint or Plasti Dip; optional hardcoat.

Mounting at a Glance

  • Removable hook and loop, Dual Lock, Command style strips.
  • Premium standoffs or Z clips.
  • Heavy or powered French cleat into studs; plan a service path.

Safety and Good Sense

  • Ventilate when using solvents, epoxies, and spray finishes. Wear a P100 respirator when sanding and spraying.
  • Use GFCI for any damp area and keep drivers accessible.
  • Check for electrical and plumbing before drilling.
  • Dispose of oil finish rags safely; lay flat to dry to avoid spontaneous heating.

Keep Building


FAQ

Can I paint directly on acrylic or PVC Scuff sand, clean with IPA, and use a plastic friendly primer. Vinyl sticks without primer.
Is contact cement safe indoors Traditional formulas off gas. Use in a ventilated area or choose water based versions for small projects.
Which clear coat stays least yellow Water based polycrylic. Oil based and spar formulas warm the tone.
What primer do I use on foam Gesso or a flexible water based primer. Avoid solvent sprays unless labeled foam safe.
Can I mount heavy acrylic with tape only Use VHB on clean, flat surfaces and support the bottom edge where possible. For very heavy panels, switch to standoffs or a French cleat.

Replicate-Worthy Crafts

Cruise Towel Animals… Swan, Elephant, Hanging Monkey

Bring that cabin surprise home. This pillar walks you through three classic cruise towel animals… the swan, the elephant, and the hanging monkey. You will see the tools we use, step by step folds, quick fixes, and easy ways to display each animal so it lasts all week.

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Elephant, Monkey, and Swan Towel Animals

Bring that cabin surprise home. This pillar walks you through three classic cruise towel animals… the swan, the elephant, and the hanging monkey. You will see the tools we use, step by step folds, quick fixes, and easy ways to display each animal so it lasts all week.

Watch the fold along Our video covers all three animals with real time fixes. Swan, Elephant, and Hanging Monkey tutorial.


Key Takeaways

  • Use mid weight cotton terry. Skip fabric softener so loops grip and folds hold.
  • Build tight tubes, set a belly band early, and make key creases last for sharp profiles.
  • For long necks and trunks, add a short dowel spine inside the roll.
  • Display with removable dots, soft ties, and the binder clip hanger hack for the monkey.

Niko’s Note 🐾 Snap a quick photo when your pose looks perfect. Rebuild to the photo after laundry day.


Tools and Setup

Towels

  • Bath Towel about 28 × 53 in (70 × 135 cm) for bodies
  • Hand Towel about 20 × 39 in (50 × 100 cm) for heads and details
  • Face Towel about 12 × 12 in (30 × 30 cm) for shims and minis
    Sizing refresher Towel Sizes… Bath Sheet, Towel, Hand, Face

Helpers
Soft ties (elastic hair ties), short wooden dowels or chopsticks (6 to 8 in), removable gel dots, non slip hanger, two medium binder clips


Swan… Elegant in 6 Moves

You need 1 × Bath Towel
Time 4 to 6 minutes the first time

  1. Square the towel Lay it flat. Align edges so rolls stay straight.
  2. Double roll to center Roll each long side tightly toward the middle to create a V valley.
  3. Fold in half Bring the two roll ends together so the valley faces out.
  4. Form the neck Hold the joined end and pull the valley up and forward to make a neck tube. Tighten the roll as you go.
  5. Seat the body Set the base down and curve the neck into an S shape.
  6. Key crease the beak Pinch the tip to a point. Hold for 2 seconds for a crisp line.
    Display Place two gel dots under the base tips. Add a small face towel pad under the belly for lift.
    Fixes Neck sliding back add a small washcloth shim under the chest. Beak looks soft re crease last and hold.

Elephant… Sturdy and Photo Ready

You need 2 × Bath Towels and 1 × Hand Towel
Time 8 to 10 minutes

Body and legs

  1. Body roll From the long edges of a bath towel, make a double roll to center. Fold in half so the valley faces out.
  2. Set the stance Pull the four corners down to suggest legs. Add a soft tie belly band under the body to stop unrolling. Hide the knot under the back.

Head and ears
3) Head tube Roll the hand towel tightly from a long edge to make a tube.
4) Ears Open the ends slightly and pinch corners to form ears.
5) Trunk curl Insert a short dowel or chopstick inside the center to help the curl.
6) Join Make a shallow cradle fold on top of the body and press the head in so it seats firmly.
Display Place on a tray. Add gel dots under the front feet if the surface is slick.
Fixes Belly unrolls tighten the belly band. Ears sag add a tiny locking tuck behind the head edge.


Hanging Monkey… Clip Rig and Balance

You need 1 × Bath Towel, 1 × Hand Towel, 2 binder clips, non slip hanger, 1 soft tie
Time 6 to 8 minutes

  1. Build the body Roll the bath towel into a long tube and fold into the classic monkey shape.
  2. Head Roll the hand towel into a tube and shape a round head.
  3. Rig the hanger Set two binder clips on the flattest part of the hanger shoulders. Angle pads slightly toward the hook.
  4. Seat the hands Clamp each “hand” fully into a clip so loops are not pinched by metal edges.
  5. Balance the torso Add a soft tie around the waist behind the back to stop slow slips.
  6. Hang and face the room Place the hanger on a rod and twist a quarter turn so the monkey faces forward.
    Deep dive Full rig steps and photos Binder Clip Hanger Hack for the Monkey
    Fixes Hands slip add painter’s tape inside clip pads. Head tilts add an inside fold to stiffen the roll.

Display and Care

  • Choose a dry room. Long hot showers relax folds.
  • Use removable dots under feet and a small riser under bellies for shelf displays.
  • Refresh routine re pinch key creases, tighten belly bands, and dust with a hand pump duster.
  • Laundry wash warm with a small amount of detergent. Skip fabric softener so loops stay grippy.

Keep Learning


FAQ

Do I need bath sheets No. Standard bath towels work for these builds. Use a bath sheet only if you want a larger display.
Will supports damage towels Not if you use soft ties, rounded dowel ends, and removable dots. Avoid pins or adhesives that leave residue.
Can I hang the monkey on any hanger A non slip flocked hanger is best. Smooth plastic works if you add grip and use binder clips.
How long will these hold shape About a week in a dry room with a quick refresh every couple of days.


Sources

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Replicate-Worthy Crafts

Towel Sizes… Bath Sheet, Towel, Hand, Face

Picking the right towel size makes folding easier and your shapes cleaner. This guide shows common sizes in inches and centimeters, how each size behaves in folds, and which animals we use them for in our tutorials.

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Picking the right towel size makes folding easier and your shapes cleaner. This guide shows common sizes in inches and centimeters, how each size behaves in folds, and which animals we use them for in our tutorials.


Key Takeaways

  • Bath Towel is the workhorse for most bodies. Aim for about 28 × 53 in (70 × 135 cm).
  • Hand Towel is perfect for heads and details. Aim for about 20 × 39 in (50 × 100 cm).
  • Face Towel works for shims and minis. Aim for about 12 × 12 in (30 × 30 cm).
  • Bath Sheet is optional for oversized builds. About 40 × 63 in (100 × 160 cm) gives dramatic volume but needs stronger supports.

Niko’s Note 🐾 Mid weight cotton terry grips better than plush spa towels. Skip fabric softener so folds hold.


Comparison Table… Common Sizes and Uses

Size name Typical inches (range) Typical centimeters (range) Our go to spec What it is best for
Bath Sheet 35–40 × 60–70 90–100 × 150–180 40 × 63 in (100 × 160 cm) Oversized animals, dramatic swans, photo backdrops
Bath Towel 27–30 × 50–58 70–76 × 127–147 28 × 53 in (70 × 135 cm) Main bodies for swan and elephant, hanging monkey body
Hand Towel 16–20 × 28–40 40–50 × 70–100 20 × 39 in (50 × 100 cm) Heads, ears, trunks, detail rolls
Face Towel (Washcloth) 12 × 12 30 × 30 12 × 12 in (30 × 30 cm) Base pads, shims, mini animals

Sizes vary by brand. The “Our go to” column matches the towels we fold with in our videos and photos.


Which Size For Which Animal

  • Swan 1 × Bath Towel body… optional Face Towel under the belly as a base pad when displaying on a shelf.
  • Elephant 2 × Bath Towels for body and legs… 1 × Hand Towel for head and ears… short dowel inside the trunk when you want a strong curl.
  • Hanging Monkey 1 × Bath Towel body… 1 × Hand Towel head… two binder clips and a non slip hanger for the hands.
  • Minis Hand or Face towels for quick practice shapes.

Fit, Weight, and Fabric

  • Weight Choose mid weight cotton terry. Ultra plush looks luxe but fights tight rolls and relaxes faster.
  • Weave Standard loop terry grips well. Waffle or microfiber is slick and will loosen quickly.
  • Conditioning Wash towels before first use to remove coatings. Skip fabric softener. A tiny splash of white vinegar in the rinse can help keep fibers grippy.
  • Color Bright white photographs well. If you prefer color, avoid dark dyes that may transfer when damp.

Measuring and Converting

If your towel tag lists centimeters, divide by 2.54 to get inches. If it lists inches and you need centimeters, multiply by 2.54.
Examples

  • 70 × 135 cm27.6 × 53.1 in (we round to 28 × 53 in)
  • 50 × 100 cm19.7 × 39.4 in (we round to 20 × 39 in)
  • 30 × 30 cm11.8 × 11.8 in (we round to 12 × 12 in)

Storage and Care

  • Keep a dedicated folding set so display towels stay bright and grippy.
  • Wash warm with a small amount of detergent. Do not use fabric softener.
  • Dry fully, then store flat in a tote with your small tools… binder clips, soft ties, gel dots, short dowels.

Keep Folding


FAQ

Are bath sheets required No. They are fun for larger animals but add weight and need more support.
Can I mix sizes from different brands Yes. Check the tags and aim for the “Our go to” specs so folds match our tutorials.
Is microfiber ever useful Microfiber can work for a quick practice, but it slides in tight folds and will not hold a crisp crease.
What if my towels are slightly smaller or larger Use them. Adjust roll tension and add hidden supports when needed.

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Replicate-Worthy Crafts

Binder Clip Hanger Hack for the Towel Monkey

Hanging monkeys look amazing on a doorframe or shower rod, but towels can slip on smooth hangers. This support guide shows our fast binder clip hack that locks the monkey’s “hands” in place without damaging the towel. It takes two minutes and uses parts you probably have at home.

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Hanging monkeys look amazing on a doorframe or shower rod, but towels can slip on smooth hangers. This support guide shows our fast binder clip hack that locks the monkey’s “hands” in place without damaging the towel. It takes two minutes and uses parts you probably have at home.

Watch it in action See the binder clip hack in our YouTube tutorial: Binder Clip Hanger Hack demo.


Key Takeaways

  • Use two medium binder clips on a non slip hanger. Clamp the towel “hands” into the clips so the monkey stays put.
  • Place clips on the flattest part of the hanger shoulders. Angle slightly inward so gravity tightens the grip.
  • Add a soft waist tie behind the back to stop slow slumps. Hide the knot under the outer wrap.
  • Protect towel loops with smooth jaws or a small strip of tape on the clip pads.

Niko’s Note 🐾 Clip, hang, then twist the hanger a quarter turn to face the room. Photos will look best straight on.


What You Need

Item Qty Recommended spec Purpose
Bath Towel 1 About 28 × 53 in (70 × 135 cm) cotton terry Monkey body
Hand Towel 1 About 20 × 39 in (50 × 100 cm) Monkey head
Binder Clips 2 Medium size, smooth jaws Clamp the hands
Non Slip Hanger 1 Flocked or rubberized shoulders Base to hang from
Soft Tie (elastic hair tie) 1 Fabric covered Hidden waist band
Optional gel dots 2 Clear removable Extra grip on slick rods

Need sizing refresh See Towel Sizes… Bath Sheet, Towel, Hand, Face.


Step by Step… The Binder Clip Rig

  1. Build the monkey Follow the head and body steps from the Pillar tutorial. Leave the “hands” ready to grip.
  2. Prep the hanger Choose a non slip hanger. If using a smooth plastic hanger, add a small strip of painter’s tape where the clips will sit.
  3. Place the clips Open two medium binder clips. Set them on the flattest part of each shoulder, about two finger widths from the ends. Angle the clip pads slightly toward the hook.
  4. Seat the hands Lift the towel hands into each clip. Close the clips so fabric sits fully inside the pads. Confirm loops are not pinched by metal edges.
  5. Balance the body Lift the hanger. If the torso settles downward, add a soft tie as a hidden waist band behind the back. Tighten just enough to hold shape.
  6. Hang and face the room Place the hanger on a rod or hook. Twist the hanger so the monkey faces forward. Tuck loose ends and fluff.

Fit Guide… Where To Put The Clips

  • Shoulder sweet spot Use the longest flat section of the hanger shoulders for maximum grip.
  • Angle inward Point the clip pads a little toward the hook so gravity pulls hands deeper into the clips.
  • Even height Match clip height on both shoulders so the head sits level.

Travel and Safety Notes

  • Hotel hangers Many hotel hangers have anti theft heads. You can still clamp clips to the shoulders. If the shoulders are very slick, add a small gel dot under each clip.
  • Avoid sharp teeth Only use smooth jaw clips or cover metal edges with a small strip of tape.
  • Dry towels only Moisture relaxes folds and can mark fabric under pressure. Fold and hang when fully dry.
  • Respect weight limits This hack is for towels only. Do not hang from light fixtures or narrow decorative rods.

Troubleshooting… Quick Fixes

Problem Why it happens Try this
Hands slip out of clips Pads are slick or angled wrong Add a small strip of painter’s tape inside pads and angle clips toward the hook
Torso slides down Gravity and no waist anchor Add a soft tie behind the back as a waist band
Head tilts forward Head roll too soft Add an inside fold or tighten the roll, then re seat in a cradle
Hanger rotates on rod Rod is slick Add gel dots on hanger shoulders or use a flocked hanger

Watch the Video Walkthrough

Skip step photos and see the binder clip hack in motion. Watch our demo on YouTube: Binder Clip Hanger Hack demo.


Keep Folding


FAQ

Will binder clips damage my towels Use smooth jaw clips or cover the pads with a bit of painter’s tape. Avoid clips with sharp teeth.
Do I need a special hanger A non slip flocked hanger works best. Smooth plastic hangers are fine with a little added grip.
How do I stop the monkey from rotating Place a small gel dot under each clip or use a hanger with rubberized shoulders.
What size towel should I use Use a Bath Towel for the body and a Hand Towel for the head. See our sizing guide for inches and centimeters.

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